On October 6, 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) signed the Pukpuk mutual defence treaty in Canberra, marking a significant step in regional security cooperation. The treaty, whose full text will be released soon, commits both neighbours to greater military collaboration and interoperability of defence assets. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese emphasized that the pact strengthens ties while prioritizing the safety and welfare of their people.
James Marape, Prime Minister of PNG, noted that the agreement comes from “geography, history, and the enduring reality of our shared neighbourhood,” and rejected suggestions it was driven by wider geopolitical issues; for example, strategic interests of China or the US. He called the treaty “one bigger fence that secures two houses,” adding that ensuring regional stability and peace was important.
The treaty also enables 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve in the Australian Defence Force, which closely follows PNG’s decision to grow its own military to 7,000 troops. This treaty came very shortly after PNG’s 50th independence anniversary, and follows previous security work with Australia, such as the Manus Island detention centre.
The Pukpuk treaty shows a renewed commitment between Australia and PNG, increasing defence collaboration while addressing shared regional challenges including climate-related security risks, alongside continuing to work together on broader Pacific issues.
